These Gothic style pauldrons with upper arm armour are crafted from carbon steel - the armour is a series of plates fitted together with bands of internal riveted leather straps and rivets that allow the armour to be fully articulated and to move with arms and shoulders of the wearer. The armour is blackened on the inside.
The armour is fitted to the upper arm with a metal buckle and leather strap. The pauldron requires an anchoring point on a gorget or chestplate to stay on a shoulder - a buckle is fitted to the top of the pauldron specifically for this purpose.